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  • Automated External Defibrillators

    AED's in the Workplace

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  • BIBLIOGRAPHY 

    AED DefibrillatorSeveral references are listed below that may be useful in developing an AED (automated external defibrillators) program and in justifying the use and effectiveness of AEDs
    in your workplace.

    Articles 

    Altmann M. 10 frequently asked questions about automated external defibrillators. OccupHazards. 1999 ;61 (9):85-87.

    Bailey ED. Position Paper, National Association of EMS Physicians. Termination of resuscitation in the prehospital setting for adult patients suffering nontraumatic cardiac arrest. PrehospEmerg Care. 2000 ;4:190 -195.

    Bardy GH, Gliner BE, Kudenchuk PJ, Poole JE, Dolack GL, Jones GK, Anderson J, Troutman C, Johnson G. Truncated biphasic pulses for transthoracic defibrillation. Circulation. 1995 ;91:1768 -1774.

    Bardy GH, Marchlinski FE, Sharma AD, et al. Transthoracic Investigators. Multicenter comparison of truncated biphasic shocks and standard damped sine wave monophasic shocks for transthoracic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 1996 ;94:2507 -2514.

    Cummins RO. Automated external defibrillators: Where we’ve been and where we’re going. Resident Staff Physician. 1994 ;40:61 -67.

    Cummins RO, Austin D Jr., Graves JR, Hambly C. An innovative approach to medical control: semiautomatic defibrillators with solid-state memory modules for recording cardiac arrest events. Ann Emerg Med. 1988 ;17:818 -824.

    Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS, Letwin PE , et al. Automatic external defibrillators used by emergency medical technicians: A controlled clinical trial. JAMA. 1987 ;257:1605 -1610.

    Cummins RO, Eisenberg M, Bergner L, Murray JA. Sensitivity, accuracy and safety of an automatic external defibrillator. Lancet. 1984 ;2:318 -320.

    Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Theis WH. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: The “chain of survival.” Circulation. 1991 ;83:1832 -1847.

    Cummins RO, Schubach JA, Litwin PE, Hearne TR. Training lay persons to use automatic external defibrillators: Success of initial training and one-year retention of skills. Am J Emerg Med. 1989 ;7:143 -149.

    Cram P, Vijan S, Fendrick M. Cost-effectiveness of automated external defibrillator deployment in selected public locations. J Gen Intern Med.  2003; 18:745-754.

    Dahl C, Ewy G, Warner E, et al. Myocardial necrosis from direct current countershock . Circulation. 1974 ;50:956 .

    Davis R., One city saves lives, others fail to learn. USAToday. July 30, 2003 , pp. 1D, 6D.

    Davis R., To save lives, inventors had to change minds. USAToday. July 30, 2003 , pp. 1B-2B.

    Davis R.,   Sluggish responses to emergencies let patients die.  USA Today.   July 29, 2003 , pp. 1A, 8A

    Diak AW, Welborn WS, Rullman RG, Walter CW, Wayne MA. An automatic cardiac resuscitator for emergency treatment of cardiac arrest. Med Instrumentation. 1979 ;13:78 -83.

    Dickey W, Dalzell GW, Anderson JM, Adgey AA. The accuracy of decision-making of a semi- automatic defibrillator during cardiac arrest. European Heart J.
    1992 ;13:608 -615.

    Eisenberg MS, Copass MK, Hallstrom AP, et al. Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with rapid defibrillation by emergency medical technicians.
    N Engl J Med. 1980:302:1379-1383.

    Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Damon S, Larsen MP, Hearne TR. Survival rates from out-of- hospital cardiac arrest: recommendations for uniform definitions and data to report. Ann Emerg Med. 1990 ;19:1249 -1259.

    Eisenberg, MS, Hartwig , RT, Cummins, RO, et al. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: A tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med. 1990 ;19:179 -186.

    Eisenberg MS, Hallstrom AP, Cobb LA, Bergner L, Short F, Pierce J. Treatment of ventricular fibrillation: emergency medical technicians, defibrillation and paramedic services. JAMA. 1984 ;251:1723 -1726.

    Emergency Medical Equipment: Final Rule. Federal Register. 66FR19027,
    April 21, 2001.

    Fletcher GF, Cantwell JD. Ventricular fibrillation in a medically supervised cardiac exercise program: clinical, angiographic, and surgical correlations. JAMA. 1977 ;238:2627 -2629.

    Geddes LA, Tacker WA, Rosborough JP, Moore AG, Cabler PS. Electrical dose for ventricular fibrillation of large and small animals using precordial electrodes. J Clin Investigation. 1974 ;53:31 -319.

    Gundry JW, Comess KA, De Rook FA, Jorgenson D, Bardy GH. Comparison of naive sixth-grade children with trained professionals in the use of an automated external defibrillator.  Circulation.   1999; 100:1703-1707.

    Higgins SL, Herre JM, Epstein AE, et al. A comparison of biphasic and monophasic shocks for external defibrillation. PrehospitalEmergency Care. 2000 ;4:305 -313.

    Hossack KF, Hartwig R. Cardiac arrest associated with supervised cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiac Rehabilitation. 1982 ;2:402 -408.

    Jaggarao NS, Heber M, Grainger R, Vincent R, Chamberlain DA, Aronson AL. Use of an automated external defibrillator-pacemaker by ambulance staff. Lancet. 1982 ;2:73 -75.

    Jakobsson K, Nyquist O, Rehnqvist N. Effects of early defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients by ambulance personnel. European Heart J. 1987 ;8:1189 -1194.

    Kaye W, Mancini ME, Richards N. Organizing and implementing a hospital-wide first-responder automated external defibrillation program: strengthening the in-hospital chain of survival. Resuscitation. 1995 ;30:151 -156.

    Kerber RE, Martins JB, Kienzle MG, Constantin L, Olshanky B, Hopson R, Charbonnier F. Energy, current and success in defibrillation and cardioconversion : clinical studies using an automated impedance-based method of energy adjustment. Circulation. 1988 ;77:1038 -1046.

    Larsen, MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Hallstrom AP. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A graphic model. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 ;22 (11):1652-1658.

    Millard W, De Maio VJ, Grant PT, Yahn S. Locations of cardiac arrest in a large urban center. AcadEmerg Med. 2000; 7(5):430-431.

    Mosesso VN, Davis EA, Carlin RE, et al. Use of automated defibrillators by police first responders for treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 ;22:920 .

    Nichol G, Hallstrom AP, Ornato JP, Riegel B, Stiell IG, Valenzuela T, Wells GA, White RD, Weisfeldt ML.  Potential cost-effectiveness of public access defibrillation in the United States .   Circulation.   1998; 97:1315-1320.

    Ornato JP, Hankins DG. Public-access defibrillation. PrehospEmerg Care.
    1999 ;3:297 -302.

    The Pad Trial Investigators.   Review article—The Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial Study design and rationale. Resuscitation.   2003; 56:135-147.

    Riegel , B. for the American Heart Association External Defibrillator Task Force. Training nontraditional responders to use automated external defibrillators. Am J Crit Care. 1998 ;7 (6):402-410.

    Sciammarella J.  Automated External Defibrillators. E-medicine.   September 2002. http://www.emedicine.com/aaem/topic574.htm 

    Sedgwick, ML Dalziel , L. Watson, L, et al. Performance of an established system of first responder out-of-hospital defibrillation. The results of the second year of the Heartstart Scotland Project in the ‘ Utstein Style.’ Resuscitation. 1993 ;26:75 -88.

    Sedgwick ML, Watson J, Dalziel K, Carrington DJ, Cobbe SM. Efficacy of out of hospital defibrillation by ambulance technicians using automated external defibrillators: the Heartstart Scotland Project. Resuscitation. 1992 ;24:73 -87.

    Smith SC , Hamburg RS.   Automated external defibrillators—time for federal and state advocacy and broader utilization. Circulation.   1998; 97:1321-1324.

    Stults K, Brown D, Kerber R. Efficacy of an automated external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Validation of the diagnostic algorithm and initial experience in a rural environment. Circulation. 1986 ;73:701 -709.

    Stults KR, Brown DD, Schug VL, et al. Prehospital defibrillation performed by emergency medical technicians in rural communities. N Engl J Med. 1984 ;310:219 -223.

    Sunde K, Eftestol T, Asenberg C, Steen PA. Quality assessment of defibrillation and advanced life support using data from the medical control module of the defibrillator. Resuscitation. 1999 ;41:237 -247.

    U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.   Cardiac arrest and automated external defibrillators ( AEDs ).   Technical Information Bulletin, TIB 01-12-17 .

    Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, Clark LL, Spaite DW. Casino project: Implications for public access defibrillation. AcadEmerg Med. 2000 ;7 (5):426.

    Van Camp SP, Peterson, RA. Cardiovascular complications of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs. JAMA. 1986:256:1160-1163.

    Weaver WD, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Hallstrom AP. Ventricular defibrillation: a comparison trial using 175 J and 320 J shocks. N Engl J Med. 1982 ;307:
    1634 -1643.

    Weaver WE, Copass MK, Bufi D, Ray R, Hallstrom AP, Cobb LA. Improved neurological recovery and survival after early defibrillation. Circulation. 1984 ;69:943 -948.

    Weaver WD, Hill D, Fahrenbuch CE, et al. Use of the automatic external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 1988 ;319:661 -666.

    Weisfeldt ML, Kerber RE, McGoldrisk RP, et al. for the Automatic Defibrillation Task Force. Public access to defibrillation. Am J Emerg Med. 1966 ;14:684 -692.

    White RD, Vukov LF, Bugliosi TF. Measurement of critical time intervals in a police department early defibrillation study. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 ;22:901 .

    Books 

    American Heart Association. HeartsaverAED for the Lay Rescuer and First Responder.   Dallas , TX , 1998.

    American Heart Association. Advanced Cardiac Life Support Provider Manual. Dallas , TX , 2001.

    Cummins RO. Textbook of Advanced Life Support. Dallas , TX , 1994, p. 4-1.

    Standards/Guidelines/Laws 

    ACOEM Guideline Automated External Defibrillation. http://www.acoem.org/guidelines/guidelines.aspx?ID=564 

    Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. CFR 1910.1030.

    Cardiac Arrest Survival Act. http://www.early-defib.org/docs/HR2498.pdf 

    Guidelines for Public Access Defibrillation Programs in Federal Facilities. Federal Register. 66FR28495, May 23, 2001 .

    Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. International consensus on science. Circulation. 2000 ;102 ( suppl ):1-384.

    National Conference on State Legislatures, Washington , DC . State laws on heart attacks and defibrillators: Encouraging a community access response, February 2001. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/aed.htm.

     

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